Hyperlipidemia is generally defined as high LDL, total cholesterol, TG levels, lipoprotein levels (≥90th percentile), or low HDL levels (≤10th percentile) [ 39 ]. g. 00 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. I65. Fredrickson's hyperlipoproteinemia, type IIb or III. Find the disease or condition using the Alphabetic Index displayed on this page. (2023) Dyslipidemia Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, 10. Drug induced postural tremor; Medication-induced postural tremor; Tremor, medication induced postural; code for adverse effect, if applicable, to identify drug (T36-T50 with fifth or sixth character 5) ICD-10-CM. PREVALENCE AND TYPES OF DYSLIPIDEMIA. HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: A 37 year-old with a history of dyslipidemia and. At one time, the prevalence of hyperlipidemia, which is the most common form of dyslipidemia, was estimated to be as high as 80% in kidney transplant recipients (KTR)[]. 5. 0 - other international versions of ICD-10 G83. 8–10 One disadvantage of ICD codes for CVDs is the inability to ascertain severity, which is theView ICD-10 Tree. B9 may differ. Quick search helps you quickly navigate to a particular category. Lipid disorders, also called dyslipidemias, are. 9 became effective on October 1, 2023. This is partially because high blood pressure may arise not only due to high cholesterol, but to other service related conditions like PTSD and anxiety. 2 (if it's mixed) or are you coding them as E11. Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), like LDL. We have new diagnosis codes for STEMI/NSTEMI (I21 – I22. 7 In addition, some studies suggest more than one record of the ICD. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of E78. ANDREW BUELT, DO, Bay Pines Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bay Pines, Fla. 01. 72-)G83. Screening for hypercholesterolemia (high cholesterol); Screening for hypercholesterolemia done; Screening for hyperlipidemia; Screening for hyperlipidemia done; Screening for lipid disorder; Screening for lipid. Applicable To. Page 1. 10%). Purpose of Review Despite the elevation of lipid values during pregnancy is mostly physiological, evidence suggest that it may be associated with adverse events. Dyslipidemia is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus. Z83. 69 coding with all applicable Excludes 1 and Excludes 2 notes from the section level conveniently shown with each code. Showing 1-25: ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code E78. Parent Code: I65. 5 as dyslipidemia icd 10. Concurrent atherogenic dyslipidemia and elevated inflammation are commonly observed in overt hyperglycemia and have long been proposed to contribute to diabetogenesis. Prevalence of Multiple Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors in Kerman: A Population-Based Study in Southeast Iran. Specialty: Cardiology. Code Classification: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (E00–E89) Metabolic disorders (E70-E88) Disorders of lipoprotein metabolism and other lipidemias (E78) E78. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of F11. Crushing injury of external genital organs. Create codetable from scratch Show conversion to ICD-9-CM Contact. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM I44. 4). 1: Pure hyperglyceridemia; E78. 49, E78. Comparative effectiveness data assessing the optimal age at which to start lipid-lowering interventions for maximal benefit in children and adolescents diagnosed with FH or multifactorial dyslipidemia, including benefits and harms of starting pharmacologic treatment as a child (eg, ages 8 to 10 years) vs as a young adult (early 20s). Non-fasting non-HDL-cholesterol level is an accurate screen for dyslipidemia, and elimination of the need to be fasting should make testing easier. Births were identified from California birth certificate and hospital discharge records from 2007–2012. 4. 60), and 54% were male, see Table 1. LaForge 11/2015 The ICD-10 code for dyslipidemia is E78. 69 - other international versions of ICD-10 E11. 8. E78. 3. The majority of cases are. Objective To develop a new algorithm for classifying lipoprotein disorders that only relies on the. zizyphus. code to identify any functional activity. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of - other international versions of ICD-10. 1 Pure hyperglyceridemia. ICD-10-CM Codes. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM E78. 0. 3, E13. fats, triglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipids) or lipoproteins in the. In the Framingham study, the annual rate of cardiovascular disease. Methods: The EMRs of patients receiving primary care in St. 628 became effective on October 1, 2023. 2: Mixed hyperlipidemia; E78. selenium possibly effective Reviews. Disorders of lipoprotein metabolism and other lipidemias (E78) Mixed hyperlipidemia (E78. 3. 220 [convert to ICD-9-CM] Encounter for screening for lipoid disorders. 533Answer: According to the ICD-10 for Ophthalmology book, it is H35. A total cholesterol level of 200 to 239 mg/dL (5. com or call us: 888-357-3226. Familial hypertriglyceridemia (type IV familial dyslipidemia) is a disorder characterized by the overproduction of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) from the liver. Gejala Dislipidemia. Burns of 90%/more of body surfc w 10-19% third degree burns; Burn injury; Burn involving more than 90 percent of body surface, with 10-19 percent of body surface with full thickness burn. BMJ Open Diab Res Care 2019; 7:e000742. Dyslipidemia E78. 9 became effective on October 1, 2023. 32 [convert to ICD-9-CM] Esophagostomy infection. ICD-10-C Codes fo Diaetes-esi Diagnoses ICD-10 Code Dermatology Open wound, unspecified, right lower leg S81. #1. ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code S38. S. Determination ID. 02 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. 29 diabetes due to undrl condition w oth diabetic kidney compTalk Ten (ICD 10) Tuesday Tips…. The total cholesterol level can be measured any time of day. Applicable To. The code E78. I48. Recent evidence suggests that low HDL cholesterol is an. E78. Specialty: Cardiology. 6 elevated fasting triglycerides E78. 82 years (15. 0: Pure hypercholesterolemia; E78. We used the ICD-10 codes to define dyslipidemia (E78) and gout (M10) and diagnosis was confirmed when each was reported ≥2 times. Dyslipidemia is a prerequisite to the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. 3, E13. 9 & then E78. If non-fasting lab results are abnormal, the referring physician should order a fasting lipid panel before the specialist visit. Dyslipidemia often begins in childhood and adolescence. 4 may differ. ICD–10–CM Tabular List of Diseases and Injuries. 5 refers to “hyperlipidemia, unspecified. 4 0 1. For such conditions, the ICD-10-CM has a coding convention that requires the underlying condition be. Diseases [C] » Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases [C18] » Metabolic Diseases » Lipid Metabolism Disorders » Dyslipidemias » Hyperlipidemias » Hyperlipoproteinemias » Hyperlipoproteinemia Type IV. niacin and niacinamide (vitamin b3) likely effective Reviews. 4 4 3. 7 may differ. Learn what risks are involved and how you can treat it. Use Additional. 5, which should be used to report a diagnosis of dyslipidemia for reimbursement purposes. 02 may differ. A wide variety of medications can cause adverse effects on lipid metabolism leading to dyslipidemia. The ICD code E78 is used to code Hyperlipidemia. 69 may differ. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of T88. E11. Dyslipidemia is a metabolic disorder characterized by abnormally high or low amounts of any or all lipids (e. Statins [3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA) inhibitors] are the first-choice therapy for dyslipidemias and are considered the cornerstone of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) prevention 1). 6 3 2. Recent Findings Among many available groups of. Family history included hypertension, dyslipidemia, myocardial infarction, stroke, and diabetes. E78. 9-1 1. Previous Code: I65. Z83. The ICD-10-CM Alphabetical Index links the below-listed medical terms to the ICD code E78. , statin therapy) remain uncertain, it is reasonable to measure a coronary artery calcium score to guide clinician–patient risk discussion (S2. The code is linked to some Quality Measures as part of Medicare. HCC Plus. 91 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. 10 55-59 11 60-64 12 65-69 13 14 70-74 15 75+ Points allotted Total Points 10 year Risk % Total Points 10 year Risk % ≤-3 <1 8 6. ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code E10. Specifically, it raises your LDL “bad” cholesterol and. 438 for Family history of other disorder of lipoprotein metabolism and other lipidemia is a medical classification as listed by WHO under the range - Factors influencing health status and contact with health services . Dyslipidemia is elevation of plasma cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs), or both, or a low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level that contributes to the development of atherosclerosis . 7%, 41. Inherited atherogenic dyslipidemias are pathological entities, included in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), well described in medical textbooks and the object of extensive research and literature worldwide. Burns of 90%/more of body surfc w 10-19% third degree burns; Burn injury; Burn involving more than 90 percent of body surface, with 10-19 percent of body surface with full thickness burn. This study investigates the association between maternal dyslipidemia and subsequent preterm birth among pregnant women in the state of California. Diagnosis is by measuring plasma levels of total cholesterol, TGs, and individual lipoproteins. 220 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. 4: Other. Drug or chemical induced diabetes mellitus with stable proliferative diabetic retinopathy. 11 diabetes due to underlying condition w ketoacidosis w coma e08. B. On the other hand, when ‘mixed hyperlipidemia’ and ‘hypercholesterolemia’ are both documented, assign code E78. 69 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. 5, Unspecified (2023) August 3, 2023 by NSingh (MBA, RCM Expert) Dyslipidemia occurs when there is an abnormal amount of. 9), saw a change with the heart failure diagnosis codes (I50 –. 438 became effective on October 1, 2023. Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a clustering of specific risk factors, namely, central obesity, raised blood pressure, impaired fasting glucose, raised triglycerides, and low levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). Hypercholesterolaemia is the most common form of dyslipidaemia and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, with elevated plasma LDL-cholesterol levels being the 15th leading risk factor for death in 1990, rising to 11th in 2007 and 8th in 2019. Reports of the high prevalence of hyperlipidemia go back as far as 1973[]. ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code M00. E78. 21 mmol/L) or greater is high. The ICD code E78 is used to code Hyperlipidemia. 2024 ICD-10-CM Range E00-E89. If this. Dyslipidemia ICD 10 Code E78. Purpose of Review Despite the elevation of lipid values during pregnancy is mostly physiological, evidence suggest that it may be associated with adverse events. 7 In addition, some studies suggest more than one record of the ICD coding during 2 or 3 years to identify patients with a par-ticular disease condition. Mixed urinary incontinence; Urge and stress incontinence. 5, can also apply to cases of hyperlipidemia. Related editorial: Key Recommendations on Managing. 5. ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code S38. The days of statin use, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. 0, H40–H42) and hypertension (ICD-10 codes I10–I15). Familial dysautonomia [Riley-Day] G90. 2 became effective on October 1, 2018. You can refer payer specific coding guidelines for accurately coding for hypertension associated with diabetes. Applicable To. View ICD-10 Tree Chapter 4 - Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (E00-E89) » Metabolic disorders (E70-E88) » Mixed hyperlipidemia (E78. code for any associated injuries. N Engl J Med 1987; 317:1237. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of N87. 91 [convert to ICD-9-CM] Burns involving 90% or more of body surface with 10 -19% third degree burns. 6 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. Other hyperlipidemia. E78. Complex dyslipidemia; Diabetes type 1 with dyslipidemia; Diabetes type 1 with hyperlipidemia; Diabetes type 2 low hdl and high triglyceride; Diabetes type 2 with hyperlipidemia;. 17 mmol/L) is normal. Helsinki Heart Study: primary-prevention trial with gemfibrozil in middle-aged men with dyslipidemia. :969-76. AAP Home Policy Advocacy. E78. 2024 ICD-10-CM Range E00-E89. 1053/j. This disorder typically follows an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Our new lipoprotein phenotyping method (1) enables the classification of all dyslipidemias except for Type III, using standard lipid panel test results, (2) demonstrates an association between some of the lipoprotein phenotypes with ASCVD risk factors, such as diabetes and metabolic syndrome, and (3) revealed for several of the. 49 - other international versions of ICD-10 Z83. 1 9 7. 2024 ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code. 39 - other international versions of ICD-10 Z86. G90. Dyslipidemia is classified as serum TC, LDL-C, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B, or lipoprotein(a) concentrations above the 90th percentile, or HDL-C or apolipoprotein A-I concentrations below the 10th percentile for the general population. Type 2 diabetes mellitus with other skin complications. This information sheet should be used only as a helpful resource and will not replace any instructions provided by individual carriers. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador (NL), Canada, were retrieved from the Canadian Primary Care Sentinel. 33. code for any associated injuries. E78. 5. The code E78. 62-, I82. 69 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. 01 became effective on October 1, 2023. Age 9 to 11 years was selected because most children entering 5th or 6th grade are required to have a health maintenance exam and because LDL-cholesterol levels fall with puberty before. Maternal care for (suspected) hereditary disease in fetus, not applicable or unspecified. What is ICD 10 code for hyperlipidemia?Z83. 8 14 18. 15, 2018. 3, E11. It is the most common form of dyslipidemia (which includes any abnormal lipid levels). In these guidelines, universal screening in 9-11-year-olds is recommended to identify children with genetic dyslipidemia or more lifestyle- related dyslipidemia. 19,23 Nicotinic acid (Niacin) decreases TG levels while also increasing HDL-C levels; however, it has only been. Nyeri dada. E78. 9 may differ. 4 is a billable medical code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis on a reimbursement claim, however, 272. 39 contain annotation back-references ICD-Code E78. Causes may be primary (genetic) or secondary. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of E78. Hyperlipidemia is above normal lipid (fat) levels in the blood, which include several types of lipids, including triglycerides. Get crucial instructions for accurate ICD-10-CM E78 coding with all applicable Excludes 1 and Excludes 2 notes from the section level conveniently shown with each code. Statistical analysis ICD-10-CM Codes. 3 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. Dyslipidemia was diagnosed according to ICD-10 code. View ICD-10 Tree Chapter 4 - Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (E00-E89) » Metabolic disorders (E70-E88) » Mixed hyperlipidemia (E78. Your blood contains three main types of lipid: high-density lipoprotein (HDL) low-density lipoprotein. E11. The dyslipidemia of type 2 diabetes is characterized by high triglyceride levels and decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, changes observed many years before the onset of clinically relevant hyperglycemia [9, 30]. Triglycerides (age 10-19 years) <90 90-129 ≥ 130 When to Refer to a Pediatric Cardiologist* At The Heart Center, we will see any patient with abnormal fasting lab results. 7 In addition, some studies suggest more than one record of the. What ICD-10 Codes Are Used for Mixed Hyperlipidemia? Mixed Hyperlipidemia, characterized by high levels of both cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood, has its specific ICD-10-CM code: E78. Codes mentioned in articles are linked to Code Information pages. Providers are recommended to use. Signs or symptoms of dyslipidemias, such as skin lesions. 3, E11. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM E78. 69 [convert to ICD-9-CM] Type 1 diabetes mellitus with other specified complication. 9 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. Sample Requirements. ICD–10–CM Tabular List of. 1 may differ. The concentration of LDL cholesterol in type 2 diabetic patients is usually not significantly different from nondiabetic individuals. Complex dyslipidemia Elevated fasting lipid profile Elevated lipid profile fasting Hyperlipidemia Hyperlipidemia (high blood fats)The definition of dyslipidemia is a change in the normal levels of blood lipid components, may increase. 29. Medication list includes Lisinopril, insulin, clopidogrel. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM Y93. Synonyms: arteriosclerosis of carotid artery,In general: A total cholesterol level of less than 200 mg/dL (5. 3% of patients with dyslipidemia were not recorded by the ICD codes. 0 ICD-10 code Z00. The code is valid during the current fiscal year for the submission of HIPAA-covered transactions from October 01, 2023 through September 30, 2024. ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code S63. CPT code 81445, 81449, 81450, or 81451 should be billed when 5 to 50 genes are ordered. 3, E14. E78. Is ideal for patients with a clinical suspicion of inherited dyslipidemia including familial hypercholesterolemia due to LDL receptor mutation or ligand-defective apoB, any type of hypertriglyceridemia and sitosterolemia. 2). The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM H81. 520 became effective on October 1, 2023. 22. 5 Hyperlipidemia, unspecified. 4 - other international versions of ICD-10 E78. Z83. 3, IVIG treatment, and aspirin prescribed. Learn more from the Retina Coding Complete Reference Guide. Disorders of lipoprotein metabolism and other lipidemias (E78) Mixed hyperlipidemia (E78. New. Malignant neoplasm of ovary. I25. Weight loss of 5 to 10 percent body weight is generally recommended for patients with elevated TG ,. Evaluating children for dyslipidemia is at hand for medical professionals. ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code O35. ICD-10 Games Learn codes with classic games like Flashcards and Hangman. 79 became effective on October 1, 2023. The following code (s) above E78. Get crucial instructions for accurate ICD-10-CM E11. This information sheet should be used only as a helpful. Coronary atherosclerosis due to lipid rich plaque. 3, H28. Causes may be primary (genetic) or secondary. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of Z85. It is a condition with excess lipids in the blood. 11 diabetes due to underlying condition w ketoacidosis w coma e08. 675 may differ. Gangguan pencernaan. It frequently occurs with hyperlipidemia, especially in elderly individuals, and may be associated with dyslipidemia in younger patients. In case any assistance needed in medical billing and coding for your practice, email us at: [email protected] may differ. 10 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. 19,23 Nicotinic acid (Niacin) decreases TG levels while also increasing HDL-C levels; however, it has only been. 4-, I82. These instructional notes indicate the proper sequencing. Coronary atherosclerosis due to lipid rich plaque. Hyperbetalipoproteinemia with prebetalipoproteinemia. As a result, recommendations on the treatment of significant dyslipidemia in pregnant women are limited. For claims with a date of service on or after October 1, 2015, use an equivalent ICD-10-CM. [1]. ICD-10 Basics Check out these videos to learn more about ICD-10. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM Z83. buelt@va. 23 is a billable diagnosis code used to specify occlusion and stenosis of bilateral carotid arteries. Dyslipidemia and Atherosclerosis in Diabetes. 272. E78. ICD-10-CM Code for Type 2 diabetes mellitus with other specified complication E11. Arcus senilis (AS), also known as gerontoxon, arcus lipoides, arcus cornae, or corneal arcus, is a deposition of lipid in the peripheral corneal stroma. Dyslipidemia E78 Heart failure I50 Lower extremity amputation V497 , Z894 , Z895, Z896 Atrial fibrillation I48 Liver disease K70-77, I85 ICD-10-CM, International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification Supplementary material BMJ Open Diab Res Care Shao S-C , et al. Complex dyslipidemia; Diabetes type 1 with dyslipidemia; Diabetes type 1 with hyperlipidemia; Diabetes type 2 low hdl and high triglyceride; Diabetes type 2 with hyperlipidemia;. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of F60. 3 Deep phlebothrombosis in pregnancy Deep vein thrombosis, antepartum; code to identify the deep vein thrombosis (I82. Malignant neoplasm of testis. B9 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. 11-R13. 21 became effective on October 1, 2023. Family history of familial hypercholesterolemia. 1, 2. ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code E13. Poisoning by mixed bacterial vaccines without a pertussis component, assault. Secondary dyslipidemia, including diabetes mellitus, disorders of gastrointestinal absorption, chronic renal failure. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM M25. A22. ajkd. Obesity and the type of body fat. Dyslipidemia, a genetic or multifactorial disorder of lipoprotein metabolism, is defined by elevations in levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), non–high. Hyperlipidemia, unspecified Billable Code. is a 51-year-old white man diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in March 2002. Dyslipidemia. ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code C7B. 5, can also apply to cases of hyperlipidemia. Access to this feature is available in the following products: Find-A-Code Essentials. 10. 2 2 2. 1. code (B96) to identify bacteria. niacin and niacinamide (vitamin b3) likely effective Reviews. The ratings are on 10%, 20%, 40% or 60% intervals. 91 may differ. Parent Code: E78 - Disorders of lipoprotein metabolism. Correct coding requires that when a panel code is ordered, it should be billed, rather than the individual gene codes. 22 diabetes due to undrl cond w diabetic chronic kidney disease e08. 10. 22 diabetes due to undrl cond w diabetic chronic kidney disease e08. e08. 69 - other international versions of ICD-10 E10. 3 became effective on October 1, 2023. 2. 1 and received the prescription of anti-glaucoma drugs during the study period: Hypercholesterolemia: Conformed to ICD-10 E78; received cholesterol drug prescription or TC ≥ 240 mg/dL: 2002-2008Dyslipidemia is a metabolic disorder characterized by abnormally high or low amounts of any or all lipids (e. Showing 1-25: ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code Z13. This study investigated the association of LDL-cholesterol level and SCA risk in. 2 (Mixed hyperlipidemia). Common Types. 1. 7-2 1. A23. ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code K94. 7 - other international versions of ICD-10 I44. E78. 17 to 6. 2XX0. 01 - other international versions of ICD-10 E78. 3 - other international versions of ICD-10 F60. This article reviews the characteristics of lipid disorders and the possible management with dyslipidemia in pregnant women. Source. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM Z83. The ICD-10 codes for diagnosis and definitions of variables are described in. We hope you find it helpful, and thanks for stopping by! Providers are recommended to use E78. : 534 On lipoprotein electrophoresis (a test now rarely performed) it shows as a hyperlipoproteinemia type. 17 mmol/L) is normal. 9 became effective on October 1, 2023. Complex dyslipidemia; Diabetes type 1 with dyslipidemia; Diabetes type 1 with hyperlipidemia; Diabetes type 2 low hdl and high triglyceride; Diabetes type 2 with hyperlipidemia; Dyslipidemia; Dyslipidemia (high blood cholesterol. 620 may differ. Based on the ICD-10 code, we conducted exact matching (1:5 matching) and estimated the overall risk of thyroid cancer for other cancers in patients with DL or NAFLD. Version Number. ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code T42. J96. 0. 438 ICD-10 code Z83. [ICD–10]: E11). Screening for hypercholesterolemia (high cholesterol); Screening for hypercholesterolemia done; Screening for hyperlipidemia; Screening for hyperlipidemia done; Screening for lipid disorder; Screening for lipid. 411 Non-pressure chronic ulcer of other part of the foot L97. Secondary neuroendocrine tumors. Lifestyle, genetics, disorders (such as low thyroid hormone levels or kidney disease), medications, or a combination can contribute.